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Category: ESP32

/*
  Rui Santos
  Complete project details at https://RandomNerdTutorials.com/esp32-spi-communication-arduino/
  
  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  of this software and associated documentation files.
  
  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
  copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*/

//Find the default SPI pins for your board
//Make sure you have the right board selected in Tools > Boards
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.print("MOSI: ");
  Serial.println(MOSI);
  Serial.print("MISO: ");
  Serial.println(MISO);
  Serial.print("SCK: ");
  Serial.println(SCK);
  Serial.print("SS: ");
  Serial.println(SS);  
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}

Details

Category: ESP32

The ESP32-CAM is a development board with an ESP32-S chip, an OV2640 camera, microSD card slot and several GPIOs to connect peripherals. 

The esp32_camera component allows you to use ESP32-based camera boards in ESPHome that directly integrate into Home Assistant through the native API.

See here 

Other articles

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2

3

4

Details

Category: ESP32

How to make a dummy Bluetooth Low Engery Heart Rate Emulator for testing purposes

Background to Bluetooth.

There are 2 types of bluetooth

Serial Bluetooth or 'Bluetooth Classic'
BLE or 'Bluetooth Low Energy'

Serial Bluetooth is a continuous data stream of high energy
BLE is a messaged based low energy.

We have a 'Server' that communicates with 1 or more 'Clients'. The Server posts information via a profile which contains Services and each Service has different characteristics.

A standard has been developed  for the ID's or UUIDs of these devices. This BLE Specification can be found here

For example a BLE heart rate monitor has a 'Blood Pressure Service' with the 16-Bit Short UUID of 0x1810
In this 'Service' we have the 'Blood Pressure Measurement' Characteristic with a UUID of 0x2A35.

1 Make sure the BLE libraries are installed

In the arduino IDE goto Sketch->Include Library->Manage Libraries. Then search for 'ESP32 BLE Arduinio'

Details

Category: ESP32

Video

BLE_client_2characteristics.ino

/**
 * A BLE client example that is rich in capabilities.
 * There is a lot new capabilities implemented.
 * author unknown
 * updated by chegewara and MoThunderz
 */

#include "BLEDevice.h"
//#include "BLEScan.h"

// Define UUIDs:
static BLEUUID serviceUUID("4fafc201-1fb5-459e-8fcc-c5c9c331914b");
static BLEUUID    charUUID_1("beb5483e-36e1-4688-b7f5-ea07361b26a8");
static BLEUUID    charUUID_2("1c95d5e3-d8f7-413a-bf3d-7a2e5d7be87e");

// Some variables to keep track on device connected
static boolean doConnect = false;
static boolean connected = false;
static boolean doScan = false;

// Define pointer for the BLE connection
static BLEAdvertisedDevice* myDevice;
BLERemoteCharacteristic* pRemoteChar_1;
BLERemoteCharacteristic* pRemoteChar_2;

// Callback function for Notify function
static void notifyCallback(BLERemoteCharacteristic* pBLERemoteCharacteristic,
                            uint8_t* pData,
                            size_t length,
                            bool isNotify) {
  if(pBLERemoteCharacteristic->getUUID().toString() == charUUID_1.toString()) {

    // convert received bytes to integer
    uint32_t counter = pData[0];
    for(int i = 1; i<length; i++) {
      counter = counter | (pData[i] << i*8);
    }

    // print to Serial
    Serial.print("Characteristic 1 (Notify) from server: ");
    Serial.println(counter );  
  }
}

// Callback function that is called whenever a client is connected or disconnected
class MyClientCallback : public BLEClientCallbacks {
  void onConnect(BLEClient* pclient) {
  }

  void onDisconnect(BLEClient* pclient) {
    connected = false;
    Serial.println("onDisconnect");
  }
};

// Function that is run whenever the server is connected
bool connectToServer() {
  Serial.print("Forming a connection to ");
  Serial.println(myDevice->getAddress().toString().c_str());
  
  BLEClient*  pClient  = BLEDevice::createClient();
  Serial.println(" - Created client");

  pClient->setClientCallbacks(new MyClientCallback());

  // Connect to the remove BLE Server.
  pClient->connect(myDevice);  // if you pass BLEAdvertisedDevice instead of address, it will be recognized type of peer device address (public or private)
  Serial.println(" - Connected to server");

  // Obtain a reference to the service we are after in the remote BLE server.
  BLERemoteService* pRemoteService = pClient->getService(serviceUUID);
  if (pRemoteService == nullptr) {
    Serial.print("Failed to find our service UUID: ");
    Serial.println(serviceUUID.toString().c_str());
    pClient->disconnect();
    return false;
  }
  Serial.println(" - Found our service");

  connected = true;
  pRemoteChar_1 = pRemoteService->getCharacteristic(charUUID_1);
  pRemoteChar_2 = pRemoteService->getCharacteristic(charUUID_2);
  if(connectCharacteristic(pRemoteService, pRemoteChar_1) == false)
    connected = false;
  else if(connectCharacteristic(pRemoteService, pRemoteChar_2) == false)
    connected = false;

  if(connected == false) {
    pClient-> disconnect();
    Serial.println("At least one characteristic UUID not found");
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

// Function to chech Characteristic
bool connectCharacteristic(BLERemoteService* pRemoteService, BLERemoteCharacteristic* l_BLERemoteChar) {
  // Obtain a reference to the characteristic in the service of the remote BLE server.
  if (l_BLERemoteChar == nullptr) {
    Serial.print("Failed to find one of the characteristics");
    Serial.print(l_BLERemoteChar->getUUID().toString().c_str());
    return false;
  }
  Serial.println(" - Found characteristic: " + String(l_BLERemoteChar->getUUID().toString().c_str()));

  if(l_BLERemoteChar->canNotify())
    l_BLERemoteChar->registerForNotify(notifyCallback);

  return true;
}

// Scan for BLE servers and find the first one that advertises the service we are looking for.
class MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks: public BLEAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks {
  //Called for each advertising BLE server.
  void onResult(BLEAdvertisedDevice advertisedDevice) {
    Serial.print("BLE Advertised Device found: ");
    Serial.println(advertisedDevice.toString().c_str());
  
    // We have found a device, let us now see if it contains the service we are looking for.
    if (advertisedDevice.haveServiceUUID() && advertisedDevice.isAdvertisingService(serviceUUID)) {
  
      BLEDevice::getScan()->stop();
      myDevice = new BLEAdvertisedDevice(advertisedDevice);
      doConnect = true;
      doScan = true;
  
    } // Found our server
  } // onResult
}; // MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Starting Arduino BLE Client application...");
  BLEDevice::init("");

  // Retrieve a Scanner and set the callback we want to use to be informed when we
  // have detected a new device.  Specify that we want active scanning and start the
  // scan to run for 5 seconds.
  BLEScan* pBLEScan = BLEDevice::getScan();
  pBLEScan->setAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks(new MyAdvertisedDeviceCallbacks());
  pBLEScan->setInterval(1349);
  pBLEScan->setWindow(449);
  pBLEScan->setActiveScan(true);
  pBLEScan->start(5, false);
} // End of setup.

void loop() {

  // If the flag "doConnect" is true then we have scanned for and found the desired
  // BLE Server with which we wish to connect.  Now we connect to it.  Once we are 
  // connected we set the connected flag to be true.
  if (doConnect == true) {
    if (connectToServer()) {
      Serial.println("We are now connected to the BLE Server.");
    } else {
      Serial.println("We have failed to connect to the server; there is nothin more we will do.");
    }
    doConnect = false;
  }

  // If we are connected to a peer BLE Server, update the characteristic each time we are reached
  // with the current time since boot.
  if (connected) {
    std::string rxValue = pRemoteChar_2->readValue();
    Serial.print("Characteristic 2 (readValue): ");
    Serial.println(rxValue.c_str());
    
    String txValue = "String with random value from client: " + String(-random(1000));
    Serial.println("Characteristic 2 (writeValue): " + txValue);
    
    // Set the characteristic's value to be the array of bytes that is actually a string.
    pRemoteChar_2->writeValue(txValue.c_str(), txValue.length());
    
  }else if(doScan){
    BLEDevice::getScan()->start(0);  // this is just example to start scan after disconnect, most likely there is better way to do it in arduino
  }

  // In this example "delay" is used to delay with one second. This is of course a very basic 
  // implementation to keep things simple. I recommend to use millis() for any production code
  delay(1000);
}